Hourly Station Observations
Variables returned by the hourly station observation endpoints (ICAO/ISD/SYNOP/EnvCan station networks).
Endpoints
getHourlyStationObservationsgetHourlyStationObservationsByCoordLocationsgetHourlyStationObservationsByStationIds
Variables
A check mark in the Default column indicates the field is returned without an explicit variables parameter.
- Note: each "Source" variable denotes the source of meteorological data for that variable. Possible data sources include: METAR, Synop, ISD, EnvCan, MRMS, HRRR, ERA5, GFS, and CFSR.
| API Variable | Standard Name | Default | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
enhancedId | Enhanced ID | ✓ | Unique alphanumeric identifier including an ICAO or ISD/SYNOP prefix along with a latitude/longitude to identify the station specifically. |
latitude | Latitude | ✓ | Latitude of the center of the grid cell, degrees. |
longitude | Longitude | ✓ | Longitude of the center of the grid cell, degrees. |
elevation | Elevation (feet or meters) | ✓ | Elevation of the center of the grid cell, feet (ft) or meters (m). |
timezone | Time Zone | ✓ | Time zone of the station data requested. |
icao | ICAO | ✓ | Four-letter alphanumeric code assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to airports around the world. |
primarySource | Primary Source | ✓ | Primary source of the meteorological data. Possible data sources include: METAR, Synop, ISD, or EnvCan. |
primaryOrgId | Primary Organization ID | ✓ | Identifier for the primary source. METAR: four-letter identifier. Synop or EnvCan: numerical identifier. ISD: USAF-WBAN identifier. |
observationDataStart | Observation Data Start | ✓ | The first date where we have observational data coming in from the selected station. All data prior to this date will be gapfilled. |
observationDataEnd | Observation Data End | ✓ | This date is updated monthly based upon available data. Typically displays a date within the last 1-2 months. |
observationDataFidelityPercent | Overall Observation Data Fidelity (%) | ✓ | Calculates the ratio of observations to gapfilled data from the beginning of the dataset to present. |
observationDataFidelity1979Percent | Observation Data Fidelity 1979-present (%) | ✓ | Calculates the ratio of observations to gapfilled data from 1979 to present. |
observationDataFidelity2011Percent | Observation Data Fidelity 2011-present (%) | ✓ | Calculates the ratio of observations to gapfilled data from 2011 to present. |
dateHrGmt | Date and Hour (GMT) | ✓ | Date and hour in Greenwich Mountain Time (GMT). |
dateHrLwt | Date and Hour (LWT) | ✓ | Date and hour in Local Wall Time (LWT). |
surfaceTemperature | Surface Temperature (°F or °C) | ✓ | A measure of atmospheric sensible heat content at 2 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). |
surfaceTemperatureSource | ✓ | ||
surfaceDewpointTemperature | Surface Dew Point Temperature (°F or °C) | ✓ | Atmospheric humidity metric (temperature at which dew will form) at 2 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). |
surfaceDewpointTemperatureSource | ✓ | ||
apparentTemperature | Apparent Temperature (°F or °C) | Air temperature that includes impact of wind and humidity at 10 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
apparentTemperatureSource | |||
windChillTemperature | Wind Chill Temperature (°F or °C) | Air temperature that includes impact of wind at 10 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
windChillTemperatureSource | |||
heatIndex | Heat Index (°F or °C) | Air temperature that includes impact of relative humidity at 2 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
heatIndexSource | |||
surfaceWetBulbTemperature | Surface Wet-bulb Temperature (°F or °C) | Atmospheric humidity metric (evaporative cooling potential of moist surface) at 2 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
surfaceWetBulbTemperatureSource | |||
relativeHumidity | Surface Relative Humidity (%) | ✓ | Percent of water vapor in the air relative to its saturation point at 2 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). |
relativeHumiditySource | ✓ | ||
specificHumidityRatio | Specific Humidity | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in kilograms against the mass of air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 2 meters, dimensionless. | |
specificHumiditySource | |||
surfaceWaterMixing | Surface Water Mixing (Gkg) | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in grams against the mass of dry air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 2 meters, grams per kilogram (gkg). | |
surfaceWaterMixingSource | |||
surfaceAirDensity | Surface Air Density (Kgcbm) | Mass of air per unit volume at 2 meters, kilograms per cubic meter (kgpm^3). | |
surfaceAirDensitySource | |||
mslPressure | Mean Sea Level Pressure (mb or kPa) | ✓ | Surface pressure adjusted to mean sea-level, millibars (mb) or kiloPascals (kPa). |
mslPressureSource | ✓ | ||
surfaceAirPressure | Surface Pressure (mb or kPa) | ✓ | Atmospheric pressure at the surface. Instantaneous reading at time shown, millibars (mb) or kiloPascals (kPa). |
surfaceAirPressureSource | ✓ | ||
windDirection | Surface Wind Direction (degrees) | ✓ | Upwind direction (e.g., wind from east = 90, from south = 180, etc.) at 10 meters. Two-minute average up-wind direction at time shown, degrees. |
windDirectionSource | ✓ | ||
windSpeed | Surface Wind Speed (mph, kts, kph, or mps) | ✓ | Instantaneous wind speed at 10 meters for the time shown; miles per hour (mph), knots (kts), kilometers per hour (kph), or meters per second (mps). |
windSpeedSource | ✓ | ||
surfaceWindGusts | Surface Wind Gust (mph, kts, kph, or mps) | ✓ | Non-continuous wind speed burst at 10 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown; miles per hour (mph), knots (kts), kilometers per hour (kph), or meters per second (mps). |
surfaceWindGustsSource | ✓ | ||
windDirection80meter | Wind Direction 80 meter (degrees) | Upwind direction (e.g., wind from east = 90, from south = 180, etc.) at 80 meters. Two-minute average up-wind direction at time shown, degrees. | |
windDirection80meterSource | |||
windSpeed80meter | Wind Speed 80 meter (mph, kts, kph, or mps) | Instantaneous wind speed at 80 meters for the time shown; miles per hour (mph), knots (kts), kilometers per hour (kph), or meters per second (mps). | |
windSpeed80meterSource | |||
temperature80meter | Temperature 80 meter (°F or °C) | A measure of atmospheric sensible heat content at 80 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
temperature80meterSource | |||
dewpointTemperature80meter | Dewpoint Temperature 80 meter (°F or °C) | Atmospheric humidity metric (temperature at which dew will form) at 80 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
dewpointTemperature80meterSource | |||
relativeHumidity80meter | Relative Humidity 80 meter (%) | Percent of water vapor in the air relative to its saturation point at 80 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). | |
relativeHumidity80meterSource | |||
specificHumidity80meterRatio | Specific Humidity 80 meter | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in kilograms against the mass of air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 80m, dimensionless. | |
specificHumidity80meterSource | |||
waterMixing80meter | Water Mixing 80 meter (Gkg) | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in grams against the mass of dry air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 80m, grams per kilogram (gkg). | |
waterMixing80meterSource | |||
airDensity80meter | Air Density 80 meter (Kgcbm) | Mass of air per unit volume at 80 meters, kilograms per cubic meter (kgpm^3). | |
airDensity80meterSource | |||
windDirection100meter | Wind Direction 100 meter (degrees) | Upwind direction (e.g., wind from east = 90, from south = 180, etc.) at 100 meters. Two-minute average up-wind direction at time shown, degrees. | |
windDirection100meterSource | |||
windSpeed100meter | Wind Speed 100 meter (mph, kts, kph, or mps) | Instantaneous wind speed at 100 meters for the time shown; miles per hour (mph), knots (kts), kilometers per hour (kph), or meters per second (mps). | |
windSpeed100meterSource | |||
temperature100meter | Temperature 100 meter (°F or °C) | A measure of atmospheric sensible heat content at 100 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
temperature100meterSource | |||
dewpointTemperature100meter | Dewpoint Temperature 100 meter (°F or °C) | Atmospheric humidity metric (temperature at which dew will form) at 100 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). | |
dewpointTemperature100meterSource | |||
relativeHumidity100meter | Relative Humidity 100 meter (%) | Percent of water vapor in the air relative to its saturation point at 100 meters. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). | |
relativeHumidity100meterSource | |||
specificHumidity100meterRatio | Specific Humidity 100 meter | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in kilograms against the mass of air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 100m, dimensionless. | |
specificHumidity100meterSource | |||
waterMixing100meter | Water Mixing 100 meter (Gkg) | Ratio between the mass of water vapor in grams against the mass of dry air in kilograms within a unit volume of air at 100m, grams per kilogram (gkg). | |
waterMixing100meterSource | |||
airDensity100meter | Air Density 100 meter (Kgcbm) | Mass of air per unit volume at 100 meters, Kilograms per Cubic Meter (kgpm^3). | |
airDensity100meterSource | |||
precipitationPreviousHour | Precipitation (in or mm) | ✓ | Liquid equivalent for types: warm rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow. Total accumulated previous hour, inches (in) or millimeters (mm). |
precipitationPreviousHourSource | ✓ | ||
precipitationType | Precipitation Type | Integer code describing precipitation type - 0 none, 1 rain, 2 snow, 4 freezing rain, 8 ice pellets. If more than one type then integers are added e.g. 3 rain & snow. | |
precipitationTypeSource | |||
rainPreviousHour | Rain Previous Hour (in or mm) | Total accumulated rain in the previous hour, inches (in) or millimeters (mm). | |
rainPreviousHourSource | |||
icePelletPreviousHour | Ice Pellet Previous Hour (in or mm) | Total accumulated ice pellets in the previous hour, inches (in) or millimeters (mm). | |
icePelletPreviousHourSource | |||
freezingRainPreviousHour | Freezing Rain Previous Hour (in or mm) | Total accumulated freezing rain in the previous hour, inches (in) or millimeters (mm). | |
freezingRainPreviousHourSource | |||
snowPreviousHour | Snow Previous Hour (in or cm) | ✓ | A measurement of the depth of snow on the ground since the previous observation, inches (in) or centimeters (cm). |
snowPreviousHourSource | ✓ | ||
downwardSolarRadiation | Downward Solar Radiation (Wsqm) | Total solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth, Watts per square meter (Wpm^2). | |
downwardSolarRadiationSource | |||
directNormalIrradiance | Direct Normal Irradiance (Wsqm) | Solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth along a direct path, Watts per square meter (Wpm^2). | |
directNormalIrradianceSource | |||
diffuseHorizontalRadiation | Diffuse Horizontal Radiation (Wsqm) | Solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth along a direct path, Watts per square meter (Wpm^2). | |
diffuseHorizontalRadiationSource | |||
cloudCoverage | Cloud Coverage (%) | ✓ | Total cloud cover all layers through vertical atmospheric column. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). |
cloudCoverageSource | ✓ | ||
totalCloudCoverLow | Total Cloud Cover Low (%) | Total cloud cover up to 6,000 feet. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). | |
totalCloudCoverLowSource | |||
totalCloudCoverMiddle | Total Cloud Cover Middle (%) | Total cloud cover between 6,000 feet and 20,000 feet. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). | |
totalCloudCoverMiddleSource | |||
totalCloudCoverHigh | Total Cloud Cover High (%) | Total cloud above 20,000 feet. Instantaneous reading at time shown, percentage (%). | |
totalCloudCoverHighSource | |||
visibility | Visibilitity (mi or km) | The greatest distance at which it is just possible to see and identify with the naked eye at the surface, miles (mi) or kilometers (km). | |
visibilitySource | |||
presentWeather | Present Weather | Instanteous observed weather types, text. | |
presentWeatherSource | |||
frictionVelocitySurface | Frictional Velocity (Mps) | Magnitude of stress at the surface, expressed as a velocity, meters per second (mps). | |
frictionVelocitySurfaceSource | |||
pressure80meter | Pressure 80 meter (mb or kPa) | Atmospheric pressure at 80m. Instantaneous reading at time shown, millibars (mb) or kilopascals (kPa). | |
pressure80meterSource | |||
pressure100meter | Pressure 100 meter (mb or kPa) | Atmospheric pressure at 100m. Instantaneous reading at time shown, millibars (mb) or kilopascals (kPa). | |
pressure100meterSource | |||
horizontalDirectNormalIrradianceSurface | Horizontal Direct Normal Irradiance Surface (Wsqm) | The horizontal component of the solar radiation reaching the surface along a direct path, Watts per square meter (Wpm^2). | |
horizontalDirectNormalIrradianceSurfaceSource | |||
finalizedData | Finalized Data | ✓ |